The
movement within the marine park industry to discontinue keeping
cetaceans in captivity is growing all over the world. Progressive
countries no longer keep cetaceans in captivity, clearly
recognizing that these animals belong in the vast open seas. Here is a short review of the recent history about this issue.
Based on article written by David Kirby at takepart.com
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| http://on.fb.me/1r1KY7H |
1.- Bolivia
The Bolivian government made history in July 2009 by enacting the
world's first ban on all animals in circuses and other public
performance venues. The law was passed following an investigation by the
U.K.’s Animal Defenders Internationall, which found widespread abuse in
Bolivian circuses, according to The Guardian.
2.- Chile
Chilean law was amended
in January 2005 to prohibit the capture or import of any cetacean
species, “for public exhibition or any other objective associated to its
utilization by man.”
3.- Costa Rica
The government of Costa Rica
decreed new cetacean regulations in July 2005, making it “strictly
forbidden” to catch and kill marine mammals, keep cetaceans and other
marine mammals captive, or touch, feed, or trap any marine mammal.
4.- Croatia
In July 2009, Croatia’s State Institute for Nature Protection enacted a regulation banning the keeping of cetaceans
in captivity for commercial purposes. The decision was made following a study which recognised the adverse effects of dolphinaria and captivity on these wild animal species. The only exemption would be for
the rehabilitation and return of sick or injured animals to their
natural environment.
5.- Cyprus
The nonprofit group Animal Responsibility Cyprus (ARC) won a campaign to
ban the importation of cetaceans in June 2011. The group says it was
also successful in shutting down the Ayia Napa dolphinarium, the only
one in the island nation, in 1999. Subsequent applications to open
captive dolphin shows were refused by the authorities. In spite of Cyprus being a popular holiday spot, you will not see any so-called dolphinariums here.
6.- Greece
A campaign by Animal Defenders International [i] and the Greek Animal
Welfare Fund, backed by over 50 local animal protection groups across Greece [i], prompted the Greek government to enact a ban, in February
2012, on not only dolphin captivity
but the use of ALL animals in circuses. Greek law now forbids using
animals in "recreational games, car racing platforms, musical concerts,
exhibitions, fairs or other artistic or entertaining festivities". In
January 2014, the law was overwhelmingly upheld [i] by Parliament following a challenge by the Attica Zoological Park in Spata.
7.- Hungary
In 1992 five former military dolphins from the former Sovjet Union
were flown to Hungary for public display. Very soon two of them died, two others were reported floating
apathetically on the pool’s surface while the fifth animal continued to
perform for crowds. Concerned witnesses contacted animal welfare
activists to organize veterinarians to examine the animals. There was
also a significant media response to the horrible conditions of the
dolphins’ confinement. It was also revealed that these marine animals
were being held in fresh water. The three surviving dolphins were confiscated soon after these
revelations and, in spite of their ordeal, managed to recover and were
returned to Ukraine, their country of origin. This sad story was the starting point for a long-running campaign to bring
about a ban on the trade in bottlenose dolphins from the Black Sea –
which was finally achieved in 2002. Since then, there have been no more captive dolphins held in Hungary.
8.- India
On May 20, 2013, India’s Ministry of Environment and Forests banned
the keeping of captive dolphins for public entertainment (see the links 1 and 2). A statement
from B.S. Bonal of the Central Zoo Authority declared
that cetaceans do not in general survive well in captivity.
“Confinement in captivity can seriously compromise the welfare and
survival of all types of cetaceans by altering their behavior and
causing extreme distress,” he said. The ministry even declared that
dolphins “should be seen as ‘non-human persons’ and as such should have
their own specific rights.”
9.- Nicaragua
On Feb. 2, 2003, Jorge Salazar Cardenal, then Nicaragua’s minister of the environment, confirmed
in a letter to the World Society for the Protection of Animals that his
country had “banned the use and exploitation of bottlenose dolphins
indefinitely.” Salazar added that the law “guarantees that in Nicaragua, these animals will be fully protected.”
10.- Slovenia
According to Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC), Slovenian law “explicitly prohibits” the display of captive dolphins.
11.- Switzerland
The country’s House of Representatives handed a major victory to
captivity opponents when it outlawed the “keeping of dolphins in
aquariums or for entertainment purposes” in March 2012. The Swiss Senate
also banned the importation of dolphins. Meanwhile, the last two
dolphins remaining in the country were sold to a facility in Jamaica in
December 2013.
United States
California
On Feb. 24, 2014, a proclamation declaring that all dolphins should
have the right to freedom was passed by the Malibu City Council and
subsequently signed by Mayor Joan House. “Whales and dolphins are known
to be highly intelligent and emotional creatures,” it declared, “and therefore deserve the right to their own freedom and lives.” On March 6, California state Assemblymember Richard Bloom made international headlines by introducing the Orca Welfare and Safety Act,
which would make it illegal to “hold in captivity, or use, a
wild-caught or captive-bred orca for performance or entertainment
purposes.” The bill would also ban captive breeding and artificial
insemination of captive killer whales in California. On April 08, a vote on this bill was delayed
by 18 months, pending an interim study. But, if it passes, California
will join a growing list of U.S. states and localities and at least 14
countries that have outlawed the captive display of orcas, dolphins, and
in some cases, all wild animals.
New York
State Sen. Greg Ball surprised anti-captivity activists by
introducing a bill, in February 2014, to ban “the possession and harboring of
killer whales in aquariums and sea parks” in the state. On March 25, the
Senate Standing Committee on Environmental Conservation voted in favor
of the bill. New York has no captive orcas, but the symbolic measure is
nonetheless being closely watched by animal welfare activists.
South Carolina
In 1982, activist Mark Berman, now at the Earth Island Institute,
home to Ric O'Barry's Dolphin Project, helped pass the first and only
U.S. state law to ban marine mammals in captivity. In 2001, state
officials amended the law, limiting protections to just cetaceans after
Riverbanks Zoo in Columbia announced plans for a sea lion exhibit. “We
will work very hard to defend the law if there’s any attempt to change
it further,” Berman said in November 2013.
Hawaii
When a developer proposed, in 2002, to construct a dolphinarium at a
Maui shopping center, the Pacific Whale Foundation and other groups
successfully lobbied the Maui County Council to ban the display of any captive whale or dolphins.
Others
A few countries have standards so strict that it is nearly impossible to keep cetaceans in captivity, including Brazil, Luxembourg, Nicaragua, Norway, and the United Kingdom, where the last dolphinarium was closed in 1993. No company has been able to open in the U.K. since then, "because imposed standards exceed the viability of establishing a dolphinarium in the country".
In Armenia, the first and only dolphinarium has been closed following completion of its operation term. The dolphinarium building is currently being dismantled, with dolphins taken back to Ukraine after the last performance on February 9, 2013, the dolfinarium director Lilit Sahakyan told PanARMENIAN.Net. Ever since its opening, the dolphinarium activity had been widely criticized by ecologists who suggested that dolphins weren't provided with normal conditions and could go blind because of chlorinated water.
Unfortunately, more than 2.100 dolphins and whales are still being held in captivity at 343
facilities in 63 countries around the world, with the highest numbers
of dolphinariums located in Japan (57), China (44), the United States
(34), Russia (24), and Mexico (24), according to the Born Free Foundation. In Europe, a total of 15 Member States currently have 34 captive dolphin facilities (dolphinaria) displaying about 300 small whales, dolphins and porpoises.
Source: takepart.com -- yahoo.com -- Posted also here
DAVID KIRBY (1, 2, 3) is the author of the New York Times bestseller Evidence of Harm, and Animal Factory, an acclaimed investigation into the environmental impact of factory farms. His latest book is Death at SeaWorld.
Source: takepart.com -- yahoo.com -- Posted also here
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| WINNING THE CASE AGAINS CRUELTY |
DAVID KIRBY (1, 2, 3) is the author of the New York Times bestseller Evidence of Harm, and Animal Factory, an acclaimed investigation into the environmental impact of factory farms. His latest book is Death at SeaWorld.
"I didn’t even know orcas were dolphins. I just hadn’t thought about it... And when I saw they die in captivity at much greater rates – that was it.” The more he learned, the more involved he became. Read more at Animal Book Club: Interview with David Kirby
Relative Articles - Links
Relative Articles - Links
- Η ΒΟΛΙΒΙΑ ΓΙΝΕΤΑΙ Η ΠΡΩΤΗ ΧΩΡΑ ΣΤΟΝ ΚΟΣΜΟ ΠΟΥ ΑΠΑΓΟΡΕΥΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΚΜΕΤΑΛΛΕΥΣΗ ΟΛΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΖΩΩΝ ΣΤΑ ΤΣΙΡΚΟ: solon.org.gr
- Bolivia Bans Wild and Domestic Animals in Traveling Circuses: ens-newswire.com
- The Science on Suffering: Findings of investigation presented to the Bolivian Congress together with a report from Animal Defenders International on the scientific evidence of suffering of animals in traveling circuses. Click here to read or download.
- Worldwide circus bans: ad-international.org
- These 8 Countries Have Banned Wild Animals in Circuses: onegreenplanet.org
- Croatia bans keeping whales and dolphins in captivity: endcap.eu
- Croatia has now prohibited the keeping of whales and dolphins in captivity: bornfree.org.uk
- Croatia Bans Keeping Whale And Dolphins In Captivity: us.whales.org
- Lori Marino's Open Letter To Croatia: Animal Friends Croatia
- No More Captive Dolphins in Cyprus: Animal Responsibility Cyprus (ARC)
- Greece bans animal circuses: ad-international.org
- Stop Circus Suffering campaign in Greece: ad-international.org [Note: On January 2014, following a challenge by the Attica Zoological Park over its dolphin displays, the Ministry of Rural Development & Food considered revising the ban to exempt the establishment. But finally Common sense prevailed and the parliament voted in favour and upheld the ban but this demonstrates that we must remain ever vigilant.]
- Greece bans animal circuses: animalequality.net
- THANK YOU GREECE: Fb
- Attempt of the Ministry of Rural Development to bring back wild animal shows in zoos: Fb
- Greece Upholds Ban on Captive Dolphin Performances: onegreenplanet.org
- Captivity in the EU - Hungary: us.whales.org
- India bans captive dolphin shows, says dolphins should be seen as ‘non-human persons’ : treehugger.com
- Capture and transport is inarguably stressful and dangerous for cetaceans, say officials in India: takepart.com
- What India’s Decision to Ban Dolphin Captivity Means, by Laura Bridgeman (1, 2), Earth Island Journal
- Nicaraguan government bans dolphin exploitation: eurocbc.org
- Captivity in the EU - Slovenia: us.whales.org
- Freedom! Switzerland Bans Dolphins in Captivity: takepart.com
- Following votes in both houses of parliament, the keeping of dolphins or whales in Swiss zoos or waterparks will be forced to come to an end: swissinfo.ch
- SWITZERLAND: Fb
- A proclamation declaring that all dolphins should have the right to freedom was passed by the Malibu City Council: malibutimes.com
- California Lawmaker to Propose Ban on Orcas in Captivity: takepart.com
- California's 'Blackfish' Bill Stalls: takepart.com
- A bill that would ban keeping orca whales in captivity in New York passed on Tuesday, March 2014: thedodo.com
- Marine mammal law in South Carolina protects whales, dolphins for now (November 2013): postandcourier.com
- Maui County Bans the Captivity of Whales and Dolphins: pacificwhale.org
- There are currently no captive whales or dolphins in the United Kingdom: bornfree.org.uk
- Yerevan Dolphinarium Opens amid Protests: armenianweekly.com (Armenia)
- Captive cetacea facilities Global: bornfree.org.uk
- In the European Union (EU), there are 34 captive cetacean facilities across 15 countries : bornfree.org.uk
- Captivity in EU Country by Country Guide: Help us make the EU a dolphinarium-free zone
- Captive Facilities Closed or Never Open: savejapandolphins.org - dolphinproject.org - savesolomondolphins.org
DAVID
KIRBY is the author of 'Evidence of Harm,' which was a New York Times
bestseller, winner of the 2005 Investigative Reporters and Editors (IRE)
award for best book, and a finalist for the New York Public Library
Helen Bernstein Award for Excellence in Journalism, and 'Animal
Factory,' an acclaimed investigation into the environmental impact of
factory farms which NPR compared to Upton Sinclair’s classic work 'The
Jungle.' His latest book, 'Death at SeaWorld,' was previewed by Library
Journal, which wrote: “Lives are at stake here, and Kirby can be trusted
to tell the story, having won a passel of awards for his investigate
work.” Booklist called the book “gripping” and “hard to put down.”
- See more at:
http://deathatseaworld.com/?author=1#sthash.O2U5E43Y.dpuf
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| Thank you for reading! |
ΕΝΘΕΤΟ
 |
| Deaths, drugs, distress: why marine parks are losing their attraction |
"Κάθε άλλο παρά πηγή έμπνευσης είναι η υποβάθμιση και ο εξευτελισμός αυτών των ζώων, στις παραστάσεις", δηλώνει ο επικεφαλής της οργάνωσης Born Free Foundation, Will Travers. Σύμφωνα με την οργάνωση αυτή, περισσότερα από 2100 κητώδη διατηρούνται, σήμερα, σε αιχμαλωσία, σε 343 επιχειρήσεις, σε 63 χώρες, σε ολόκληρο τον κόσμο. Ο μεγαλύτερος αριθμός δελφιναρίων σημειώνεται στην Ιαπωνία, στην Κίνα, στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες και στο Μεξικό. Τα περισσότερα δελφινάρια της Βόρειας Αμερικής όμως, έχουν πλέον βρεθεί στο στόχαστρο περιβαλλοντικών οργανώσεων που ασχολούνται με την προστασία και την διατήρηση της άγριας ζωής, ενώ ήδη έχουν αρχίσει και οι πρώτες νομοθετικές ρυθμίσεις προς την κατεύθυνση της απαγόρευσης. Η υποβάθμιση της ευζωίας των κητωδών και οι ασθένειες που σχετίζονται με το στρες, είναι το κύριο επιχείρημα στο οποίο βασίζεται το αίτημα για την απαγόρευση της αιχμαλωσίας τους.
"Δεν κατηγορούμε τους επιχειρηματίες και τους φροντιστές ότι κακοποιούν τα ζώα, δηλώνει η νευροεπιστήμων του πανεπιστημίου Emory, Dr Lori Marino. Πολλά θαλάσσια πάρκα κάνουν ό,τι καλύτερο μπορούν για να φροντίσουν τα ζώα τους και να τους παρέχουν κτηνιατρική περίθαλψη. Το πρόβλημα όμως βρίσκεται στην φύση αυτών των ειδών: Τα κητώδη δεν μπορούν να προσαρμοστούν στην αιχμαλωσία. Ευζωία για τα αιχμάλωτα κητώδη δεν μπορεί να υπάρξει. Περισσότερο απ' όλα υποφέρουν οι όρκες, οι μπελούγκες ταλαιπωρούνται επίσης, ενώ τα ρινοδέλφινα τα καταφέρνουν λιγάκι καλύτερα, χωρίς αυτό να σημαίνει ότι και αυτά δεν εξακολουθούν να αρρωσταίνουν και να πεθαίνουν πρόωρα από ασθένειες που σχετίζονται με το στρες της αιχμαλωσίας".
Διαβάστε περισσότερα στους παρακάτω συνδέσμους: theguardian.com, todayonline, independent.co.uk
DAVID
KIRBY is the author of 'Evidence of Harm,' which was a New York Times
bestseller, winner of the 2005 Investigative Reporters and Editors (IRE)
award for best book, and a finalist for the New York Public Library
Helen Bernstein Award for Excellence in Journalism, and 'Animal
Factory,' an acclaimed investigation into the environmental impact of
factory farms which NPR compared to Upton Sinclair’s classic work 'The
Jungle.' His latest book, 'Death at SeaWorld,' was previewed by Library
Journal, which wrote: “Lives are at stake here, and Kirby can be trusted
to tell the story, having won a passel of awards for his investigate
work.” Booklist called the book “gripping” and “hard to put down.”
- See more at:
http://deathatseaworld.com/?author=1#sthash.O2U5E43Y.dpuf
DAVID
KIRBY is the author of 'Evidence of Harm,' which was a New York Times
bestseller, winner of the 2005 Investigative Reporters and Editors (IRE)
award for best book, and a finalist for the New York Public Library
Helen Bernstein Award for Excellence in Journalism, and 'Animal
Factory,' an acclaimed investigation into the environmental impact of
factory farms which NPR compared to Upton Sinclair’s classic work 'The
Jungle.' His latest book, 'Death at SeaWorld,' was previewed by Library
Journal, which wrote: “Lives are at stake here, and Kirby can be trusted
to tell the story, having won a passel of awards for his investigate
work.” Booklist called the book “gripping” and “hard to put down.”
- See more at:
http://deathatseaworld.com/?author=1#sthash.O2U5E43Y.dpuf
DAVID
KIRBY is the author of 'Evidence of Harm,' which was a New York Times
bestseller, winner of the 2005 Investigative Reporters and Editors (IRE)
award for best book, and a finalist for the New York Public Library
Helen Bernstein Award for Excellence in Journalism, and 'Animal
Factory,' an acclaimed investigation into the environmental impact of
factory farms which NPR compared to Upton Sinclair’s classic work 'The
Jungle.' His latest book, 'Death at SeaWorld,' was previewed by Library
Journal, which wrote: “Lives are at stake here, and Kirby can be trusted
to tell the story, having won a passel of awards for his investigate
work.” Booklist called the book “gripping” and “hard to put down.”
- See more at:
http://deathatseaworld.com/?author=1#sthash.O2U5E43Y.dpuf
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